Curvelets and Wave Equations Tutorial lecture notes MGA Program, IPAM, UCLA

In this tutorial lecture we review the recent result that curvelets provide a powerful tool for representing very general linear symmetric systems of hyperbolic differential equations. Curvelets are a recently developed multiscale system [8, 5] in which the elements are highly anisotropic at fine scales, with effective support shaped according to the parabolic scaling principle width ≈ length at fine scales. For a wide class of hyperbolic equations, including the usual wave equation arising in acoustics and electromagnetism, the curvelet representation of the solution operator is both optimally sparse and well organized. • It is sparse in the sense that the matrix entries decay nearly exponentially fast (i.e. faster than any negative polynomial), • and well-organized in the sense that the very few nonnegligible entries occur near a shifted diagonal. Indeed, the action of the wave-group on a curvelet is well-approximated by simply translating the center of the curvelet along the Hamiltonian flow—hence the diagonal shift in the curvelet representation. A physical interpretation of this result is that curvelets may be viewed as coherent waveforms with enough frequency localization so that they behave like waves but at the same time, with enough spatial localization so that they simultaneously behave like particles. These notes are a shortened non-technical version of the reference paper [3], which can be downloaded at http://www.acm.caltech.edu/~demanet/pubs.htm